DIGITAL RIGHTS AND INTERNET GOVERNANCE IN NIGERIA: CASE STUDY: THE TWITTER BAN (2021–2022)

Abstract

This study examines the relationship between digital rights and internet governance in Nigeria, with particular focus on the suspension of Twitter between 2021 and 2022 within the broader period of 2015 to 2024. The study adopts a qualitative research approach, relying on documentary analysis of legal frameworks, policy documents, and relevant scholarly literature to understand how governance practices affect digital rights in practice. The findings reveal that Nigeria has made notable progress in developing legal and institutional frameworks for regulating digital space through laws such as the Cybercrimes (Prohibition, Prevention, etc.) Act and the Nigeria Data Protection Act, as well as through the activities of key regulatory bodies. However, the study also finds that the implementation of these frameworks remains inconsistent due to institutional overlaps, weak coordination, and limited enforcement capacity. The Twitter ban demonstrates that while the state seeks to assert control over digital platforms, such actions may not fully achieve their intended outcomes and can also restrict fundamental rights, particularly freedom of expression and access to information. The study concludes that effective internet governance in Nigeria requires a more balanced approach that ensures regulatory actions are aligned with the protection of digital rights. It recommends strengthening institutional coordination, improving enforcement mechanisms, and ensuring that regulatory measures are guided by clear and consistent legal processes.