ENVIRONMENTAL VOLUNTARY DISCLOSURE AND MARKET VALUE OF LISTED CONSUMER GOODS FIRMS IN NIGERIA
Authors: Enefiok N. Samuel, Emmanuel O. Emenyi Ph.D & Uwem E. Uwah Ph.D
ABSTRACT
This study examined the relationship between environmental voluntary disclosure and market value of listed consumer goods firms in Nigeria. However, the specific objectives were to ascertain the relationship between carbon emissions disclosure and market capitalization of listed consumer goods firms in Nigeria, to examine the relationship between renewable energy consumption disclosure and market capitalization of listed consumer goods firms in Nigeria and to investigate the relationship between waste management disclosure and market capitalization of listed consumer goods firms in Nigeria. Ex-post facto research design was adopted, and panel data covering ten (10) years (2013-2023) were collected across eighteen (18) listed consumer goods firms in Nigeria which formed the sample size of the study. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics and panel multiple regression analysis via E-views 10.0 statistical package. The findings revealed that carbon emission disclosure (CED) has a significant positive relationship (Coeff. = 0.0238{0.0048}) with market capitalization (Mcap) of listed consumer goods firms in Nigeria, renewable energy consumption disclosure (RECD) has a significant positive relationship (Coeff. = 0.0195{0.0315}) with market capitalization (Mcap) of listed consumer goods firms in Nigeria, employee health and safety disclosure (EHSD) has a significant positive relationship (Coeff. = 0.0312{0.0027}) with market capitalization (Mcap) of listed consumer goods firms in Nigeria, Community development disclosure (RECD) has a significant positive relationship (Coeff. = 0.0345{0.0002}) with market capitalization (Mcap) of listed consumer goods firms in Nigeria while waste management disclosure (WMD) has an insignificant positive relationship (Coeff. = 0.0125{0.1935}) market capitalization (Mcap) of listed consumer goods firms in Nigeria. It was however concluded that environmental voluntary disclosure plays a crucial role in shaping the market value of listed consumer goods firms in Nigeria. The study recommended, amongst others, that companies should increase their use of renewable energy sources and communicate these efforts to stakeholders to improve their market value and appeal to clean energy investors.
Keywords: Environmental Voluntary Disclosure, Market Value, Listed Consumer Goods Firms and Nigeria.
REFERENCES
- Adenikinju, A., Osuagwu, E., & Akinlo, A. (2021). The economics of renewable electricity consumption in Nigerian manufacturing industries. Heliyon, 7(3), 66-74
- Adenugba, A., Uwuigbe, U. & Ibegi, T. (2018). Corporate social responsibility and financial performance of listed manufacturing firms in Nigeria. Corporate Governance and Sustainability Review, 2(3), 32-40.
- Akhiroh, T. & Kiswanto (2016). The determinant of carbon emission disclosures. Accounting Analysis Journal AAJ, 5(4), 326-336.
- Al-Akra, M. & Ali, M. J. (2012). The value relevance of corporate voluntary disclosure in the Middle-East: The case of Jordan. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 31(5), 533-549.
- Ali, B. O. (2008). Fundamental principles of occupational health and safety. International Labour Office: Geneva.
- Alok, K. P, Nikhil C. S. & Bhagaban D. (2008). Corporate environmental reporting: An emerging issue in the corporate world. International Journal of Business and Management 3(12), 146-156.
- Amira, J. O., Ayo, C. K., & Adebiyi, S. O. (2019). Carbon emission disclosures among top polluting firms in Nigeria. International Journal of Energy Sector Management, 13(1), 65-81.
- Amira, J., Babajide, A. & Ayo, C. (2020). Determinants of renewable energy consumption in Nigeria: A dynamic ARDL approach. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(10), 819-827.
- Amran, A. & Siti-Nabiha, A. (2017). Corporate social reporting in Malaysia: A case of mimicking the West or succumbing to local pressure. Social Responsibility Journal, 5(3), 358–375.
- Babajide, A. A., Oloyede, J. A., Akintunde, O. P., & Borokini, T. I. (2020). Renewable energy consumption, economic growth, and carbon dioxide emissions nexus in Africa: Evidence from pooled mean group estimation technique. Energy Reports, 6(2), 2228-2236.
- Bird, R. B. & Smith, E. A. (2005). Signalling theory, strategic interaction, and symbolic capital. Current Anthropology, 4(6), 221-248.
- Birjandi, H. & Hakemi, B. (2015). The study affects agency theory and signaling theory on the level of voluntary disclosure of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. Res. J. Finance Account, 6, 174–183.
- Boateng, A., Du, R. & Ramiah, V. (2016). Corporate social responsibility disclosures and market value: Evidence from China. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, 4(2), 351-362.
- Campbell, D., Moore, G., & Shrives, P. (2006). Cross‐sectional effects in community disclosure. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 19(1), 96-114.
- Carnini, P. S, Ciaburri M., Magnanelli, B. S. & Nasta. L. (2022). Does ESG disclosure influence firm performance? Sustainability, 14(13), 7595.
- Carrol, A. (1991). The pyramid of corporate social responsibility: Toward the moral management of organizational stakeholders. Business Horizons, 34(4), 39-48.
- Chinedu, E. N. & Ogochukwu, O. G. (2020). Environmental accounting disclosures and financial performance of manufacturing firms in Nigeria. International Journal in Management and Social Science, 8(2), 209–228.
- Connelly, B. L., Certo, S. T., Ireland, R. D., & Reutzel, C. R. (2011). Signalling theory: A review and assessment. Journal of Management, 37(1), 39-67.
- Dewi, L. G., Latrini, M. Y. & Respati, N. N. (2019). Determinants of carbon emission disclosure for manufacturing companies. E-Jurnal Akuntansi, 28(1), 613-640.
- Egbunike, A. & Okoro, G. (2018). Does green accounting matter to the profitability of firms? A canonical assessment. Ekonomski Horizonti, 20(1), 17–26.
- Elijido-Ten, E., Santos, R., Perez, M., & Nguyen, L. (2020). The relationship between environmental disclosure and market value: A comparative study of Asian corporate firms. Journal of Sustainable Finance and Investment, 15(4), 234-256.
- Emeka-Nwokeji, N. A. (2019). Nexus between corporate social responsibility disclosures and market value of listed non-financial firms in Nigeria. International Journal for Innovative Research in Multidisciplinary Field, 5(3), 247-255.
- Emeka-Nwokeji, N. A., Ekwueme, C. M. & Okeke, P. C. (2021). Usefulness of voluntary disclosures in annual reports of listed companies in Nigerian: An examination of users’ perception. International Journal of Business and Management Review, 9(5), 22-48.
- Emeka-Nwokeji, N., & Osisioma, B. C. (2019). Sustainability disclosures and market value of firms in emerging economy: evidence from Nigeria. European Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Finance Research, 7(3), 1-19.
- Emenyi, E. O., & Okpo, A. S. (2023). Environmental disclosure and the quality of financial reports of listed Nigerian manufacturing firms. British Journal of Marketing Studies, 11(4), 18-53.
- Enahoro, J. A. (2009). Design and bases of environmental accounting in oil & gas and manufacturing sectors in Nigeria. A PhD thesis. Department of Accounting, College of Business and Social Sciences, Covenant University Ota, Nigeria.
- European Commission (2017). Ex-post evaluation of the European Union occupational safety and health directives. Brussels, Belgium.
- Fabius, R., Thayer, R. D., Konicki, D. L., Yarborough, C. M., Peterson, K. W., Isaac, F., Loeppke, R. R., Eisenberg, B. S., & Dreger, M. (2013). The link between workforce health and safety and the health of the bottom line: Tracking market performance of companies that nurture a “culture of health.” Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 55(9), 993–1000.
- Freeman E. R. (1984). Strategic management: A stakeholder approach, Pitman, Boston.
- Freitas, L. C. (2016). Manual de segurança e saúde no trabalho (3ª ed.). Lisboa, Portugal: Edições Sílabo.
- Green, T. & Peloza, J. (2011). How does corporate social responsibility create value for consumers? Journal of Consumer Marketing, 8(2), 98-112.
- Gunawan, H. & Lina, E. O. (2015). Mandatory and voluntary disclosure of annual report on investor reaction. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 5(Special Issue) 311-314.
- He, J., Plumlee, M. A. & Wen, J. (2018). Voluntary disclosure, mandatory disclosure, and cost of capital.
- International Labour Organization (2013). Safety and health at work: Hopes and challenges in development cooperation. Geneva, Switzerland: ILO.
- Khandelwal V., Sharma P. & Chotia, V. (2023). ESG disclosure and firm performance: An asset-pricing approach. Risks, 11(6).
- Kirmani, A. & Rao, A. R. (2000). No pain, no gain: A critical review of the literature on signaling unobservable product quality. Journal of Marketing, 64(2), 66-79.
- Klassen, R. & McLaughlin C. P. (2016). The impact of environmental management on firm performance in Germany. Management Science, 42(8), 1199–1214.
- Komolafe, B., Elumilade, D. & Babajide, A. (2021). Corporate governance and carbon emissions reduction in Nigeria: Stakeholder perspectives. Journal of Sustainable Development, 14(1), 48-64.
- Lee, R., Lee, J. H., & Garrett, T. C. (2019). Synergy effects of innovation on firm performance. Journal of Business Research, 9(9), 507-515.
- Li, X. & Yang, H. I. (2016). Mandatory financial reporting and voluntary disclosure: The effect of mandatory IFRS adoption on management forecasts. The Accounting Review, 91(3), 933-953.
- Mark, J. O., & Atairet, A. C. (2022). Budget as an Instrument of Accountability in Democratic Governance of Akwa Ibom State 2013-2022. AKSU Journal of Administration and Corporate Governance (AKSUJACOG), 2(1), 178-188.
- Meiryani, H. S. M., Soepriyanto, G., Jessica, F. M., & Grabowska, S. (2023). The effect of voluntary disclosure on financial performance: Empirical study on manufacturing industry in Indonesia. PLoS ONE, 18(6).
- Mfon, A. A. & Uford, I. C. (2022). Consumer Preference Survey of De Choice Fast Food in Uyo Metropolis, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. British Journal of Marketing Studies, 10(2), 13-34.
- Nangih, E., Emeka-Nwokeji, N. & Peters, G. (2022). Environmental disclosures and earnings quality of listed consumer goods firms in Nigeria. Journal of Accounting Information and Innovation, 8(4), 1-17.
- Nekhili, M., Nagati, H., Chtioui, T., & Rebolledo, C. (2017). Corporate social responsibility disclosure and market value: Family versus nonfamily firms. Journal of Business Research, 77, 41-52.
- Nkanga E. N., Akpan D. C., Nsentip E. B. & Isaac N. E. (2023). Voluntary disclosures and market value of deposit money banks in Nigeria. International Journal of Management Technology, 10(1), 38-58.
- Nor, N., Bahari, N., Adnan, N., Kamal, S. & Ali, I. (2016). The effects of environmental disclosure on financial performance in Malaysia. Procedia Economics and Finance, 3(5), 117–126
- Nurhasimah, A., Said, J., Ahmad, F., & Shazali, A. M. (2016). The impact of environmental disclosure on financial performance: A study among the top 100 market capitalization companies in Malaysia. International Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy, 5(2), 56-72.
- Nwachukwu, C., Nnabuchi, M., Mbah, S. & Anyanwu, E. (2020). Corporate social responsibility and environmental sustainability in emerging economies: Evidence from Nigeria. An International Journal, 31(6), 1448-1468.
- Okechukwu, E.A & Okeke-muogbo, G.N (2020), Effect of environmental and social responsibility sustainability disclosure in firm performance. European Journal of Accounting, Finance and Investments 6(6), 136 -149
- Olamade, O. A. & Aduloju, S. A. (2019). Assessing the impact of sustainability reporting on financial performance of consumer goods companies listed on the Nigerian stock exchange. Journal of Accounting and Management, 9(1), 33-47.
- Omura, T. (2005). The relationship between market value and book value for five selected Japanese firms (Doctoral dissertation, Queensland University of Technology)
- Onoh, U., Kayadi, B. & Ndubuisi, O. (2023). Sustainability reporting and firm value of listed oil and gas companies in Nigeria. Journal of Development Economics and Finance, 4(1), 177-223.
- Onyegbula, E. O. (2021). Green supply chain management practices in the Nigerian manufacturing industry: An empirical examination. An International Journal, 28(3), 964-979.
- Osuagwu, E. & Okoyeuzu, C. A. (2020). Corporate environmental disclosure in sub-Saharan Africa: A comparative analysis of firms in Nigeria and South Africa. Journal of Business Research, 11(3), 53-65.
- Osuagwu, E., & Asuluemhotu, E. (2019). Stakeholder preferences for sustainability reporting in Nigerian firms. Journal of Business Ethics, 159(3), 897-917.
- Osuagwu, E., Anwuzia, J., & Enahoro, J. (2020). Corporate social responsibility, environmental management and firm value of quoted firms in Nigeria: Moderating role of voluntary disclosure. Ilorin Journal of Economic Policy, 7(1), 1-14.
- Oti, P. A., Effiong, S. A., & Tiesieh, T. A. (2012). Environmental costs and its implication on the returns on investment: An evaluation of selected manufacturing companies in Nigeria. Global Journal of Management and Business Research, 12(7), 17-22.
- Plumlee, M., Brown, D., Hayes, R. M., & Marshall, R. S. (2015). Voluntary environmental disclosure quality and firm value: Further evidence. Journal of accounting and public policy, 34(4), 336-361.
- Putri, L. & Suputra, I. (2019). The effect of disclosure of financial report and managerial ability on earnings management with audit quality as a moderating variable. Research Journal of Finance and Accounting, 10(2), 33-39
- Qamruzzaman, M., Jahan, I. & Karim, S. (2021). The impact of voluntary disclosure on firm’s value: Evidence from manufacturing firms in Bangladesh. Journal of Asian Finance,
- Rikhardsson, P. M. (2004). Accounting for the cost of occupational accidents. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 11(2), 63-70.
- Rizzato, F., Busso, D., Fiandrino, S., & Cantino, V. (2019). Non-financial information and risk disclosure: Compliance levels with mandatory requirements in the Italian market. The Future of Risk Management, 2(2), 105-142.
- Santos, H. (2021). Corporate social responsibility disclosures and market value. Journal of Emerging Trends in Economics and Management Sciences, 8(6), 276-283.
- Silva, A., Romualdo, R., & Gerlando, G. (2016). Environmental reporting and market response: Empirical evidence from European corporate firms. International Journal of Environmental Management, 25(1), 56-78.
- Spence, M. (1973). Job market signaling. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 87, 355-374.
- Strand, R. & Freeman, R. E. (2015). Scandinavian cooperative advantage: The theory and practice of stakeholder engagement in Scandinavia. Journal of Business Ethics, 127(1), 65-87.
- Sundaram, A. K. & Inkpen, A. C. (2004). The corporate objective revisited. Organization Science, 15(3), 350-363.
- Theophilus, A. & Ademola, A. (2020). Voluntary or mandatory disclosure of financial information by listed corporate entities in Nigeria: The stakeholders’ perspectives. European Journal of Business, Economics and Accountancy, 8(2), 73-86.
- Tompa, E., Dolinschi, R. & de Oliveira, C. (2006). Practice and potential of economic evaluation of workplace-based interventions for occupational health and safety. J Occup Rehabil, 16(3), 375-400.
- Udomah, M. O., & Emenyi, D. E. O. (2023). Sustainability reporting and financial performance of selected cement firms in Nigeria. GPH-International Journal of Business Management, 6(08), 40-65.
- Uford, I. C. (2017). Customer and employee- based brand equity driving United Bank for Africa’s market performance. Ph.D. Thesis, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, 1-227.
- Uford, I. C. & Duh, H. I (2021). Measuring the Sources and Outcomes of Customer-Based Brand Equity in a Service Industry. African Journal of Economics and Business Research, 16(2), 245-266.
- Uzondu, C. A., Okolie, U. C., & Nwogbe, E. C. (2020). Analysis of corporate social responsibility and its influence on consumer buying behavior in the Nigerian consumer goods industry. Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Brasov. Economic Sciences Series, 13(62), 107-122.
- Walters, D. (2005). The challenge of change for strategies on health and safety at work in the 21st century. Policy and Practice in Health and Safety, 3(2), 3-19.
- Wang, S., Wang, H., Wang, J., & Yang, F. (2020). Does environmental information disclosure contribute to improve firm financial performance? An examination of the underlying mechanism. Science of the Total Environment, 714, 136855.
- Wasara, S. N., & Ganda, F. (2019). The impact of corporate sustainability disclosure on return on investment: Evidence from companies listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange. Journal of Sustainable Business, 10(3), 123-145.
- Welford, R., Chan, C. & Man, M. (2008). Priorities for corporate social responsibility: A survey of businesses and their stakeholders. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 15(1), 52–62.
- Yan, S., Na, W., Yu, X., & Zhang, X. (2023). Regulation intensity, environmental disclosure, and cost of capital: Evidence from listed firms in China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30(5), 12283-12306.
- Yusoff, H. & Darus, F. (2014). Mitigation of climate change and prevention of pollution activities: Environmental disclosure practice in Islamic Financial Institutions. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 14(5), 195-203.